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September 28, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

TyG-related indices as reliable markers for identifying MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes in type 2 diabetes

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Key result

TyG-AVF accurately identifies MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes in type 2 diabetes with ~0.96 AUC.

  • AUC 0.955
  • n=413

Why the study?

Modified TyG indices combined with body composition markers are considered effective for diagnosing insulin resistance and MASLD, but their comparative diagnostic utility in T2DM metabolic phenotypes needed evaluation.

Population

413 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Comparison

TyG combined with obesity indices for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes

Design

Retrospective observational study

Authors

XJXiaojiao JiaQLQiang LüDeciphera Pharmaceuticals (United States)CXChangshun XieFirst Hospital of Qinhuangdao

Discussion

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Implication

Retrospective observational study reveals high diagnostic accuracy of triglyceride-glucose indices for fatty liver phenotypes in type 2 diabetes, indicating valuable clinical screening utility.

Key Points

  • To assess and compare the diagnostic performance of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indices combined with obesity markers for identifying MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Retrospective observational study analyzing clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric data from 413 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Calculated TyG, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and TyG-abdominal visceral fat (TyG-AVF).
  • Evaluated diagnostic utility and independent associations using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
  • MASLD was diagnosed in 67.6% of the cohort, with higher prevalence observed in males (72.8%) than in females (60.3%).
  • TyG-AVF showed the strongest diagnostic performance for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes, achieving the highest area under the curve (AUC 0.955 overall, 0.950 in males, 0.953 in females) and the highest adjusted odds ratio.
  • Practical alternatives differed by sex, with TyG-WC demonstrating the highest utility in males and TyG-BMI serving as the most effective marker in females.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=413)

PICO

P
Population
413 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated for the diagnostic utility of TyG combined with obesity indices for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes.
E
Exposure / Comparator
TyG-AVF (TyG combined with abdominal visceral fat) vs Other TyG-related indices
O
Primary Outcome
Diagnostic performance for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes — AUC 0.955

Main Result

Effect estimate: AUC 0.955

Cite This Study

Jia et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n=413). TyG-AVF (TyG combined with abdominal visceral fat) vs. Other TyG-related indices was evaluated on Diagnostic performance for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes (AUC 0.955). TyG-AVF was the superior diagnostic marker for MASLD-associated metabolic phenotypes in adults with type 2 diabetes, achieving an overall AUC of 0.955.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab9b5e97822ec8fc3d91206https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-72461-7
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Triglyceride Glucose Index and Related Parameters Are Effective Biomarkers to Identify Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Egyptian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes2025 · 3 citations
  2. 2Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis2025 · 21 citations
  3. 3Triglyceride glucose-body mass index as a practical screening tool for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in older adults: A community-based cohort study.2026
  4. 4The relationship between triglyceride-glucose index, triglyceride-glucose-body mass index, and the severity of hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD: a cross-sectional study2026 · 3 citations
  5. 5U-shaped relationship between the triglyceride glucose index and the risk of incident diabetes among MASLD adults: a retrospective cohort study2025 · 5 citations