Les facteurs associés à une altération de la qualité de vie des patients atteints de pelade à Antananarivo, Madagascar

Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with psychological distress and poor health-related quality of life (QL). We aim to identify the factors associated with the deterioration of QL in AA patients seen in the University Hospital, Joseph Raseta Befelatanana. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in the department of Dermatology in the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, between january 2013 and may 2015. It included 35 AA patients that were classified in 3 groups (G) according to the severity of hair loss: group 1 <25% hair loss (n=17); G2: 25-75% hair loss (n=9) and G3>75% hair loss (n=9). Results. The 35 AA patients (24 females and 11 males) had a mean age of 29.2 years-old. Seventeen patients (48.6%) reported stressful events 2 to 4 months before the onset of alopecia. Our patients had a mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) of 9.11 with worse QL in daily activities. Our results showed that women have a more significantly altered quality of life than men (score DLQI 10.1 vs 6.9). No correla- tion was found between patient’s QL and marital status, occupation and the duration of AA progression. However, patients with alopecia universalis had the highest DLQI (DLQI=14), the difference was statistically significant compared to the other clinical forms (p=0.001). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that AA has a negative impact on mental and physical well-being, as well as on the interpersonal relationship. The impairment of patients' QL was mainly influenced by gender, age and clinical presentation of the alopecia areata.