Cardioprotective Effects of Garcinia Indica Fruit Rind Extract and Garcinol in Isoprenaline Hydrochloride Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

The aim of the study was to investigate the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica and its active principle (Garcinol) against isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The cardiotoxicity was induced by myocardial infarction through subcutaneous administration of isoprenaline hydrochloride (25mg/kg b.w) for two consecutive days. The ethanolic extract of G.indica (250mg and 500mg/kg b.w) and garcinol (5mg/kg b.w) were given as pre-treatment for 28 days through oral gavage. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the activities of the serum marker enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenease, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase), a prominent expression of LDH 1 and LDH 2 isoenzymes, increased levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TG), and decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in ISO-induced rats. The levels of TC, TG and free fatty acids (FFA) increased whereas phospholipids (PL) significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in the heart tissue of ISO-induced rats. Further myocardium infarct size was observed by staining the heart tissue with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Pretreatment with G.indica and garcinol significantly inhibited the effect of isoprenaline. Moreover, biochemical findings were supported by histopathological observations. The present study provide evidence for the first time, that G.indica and garcinol pre-treatment ameliorated myocardial injury in ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats and exhibited significant cardioprotection.