Construction and Evaluation of P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofiber-Clustered Surfaces

Surface morphology and electrical characteristics are key factors affecting cell–material interactions on electroactive polymer films, but their coupled effects remain unclear. In this study, P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber-clustered films were fabricated using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template-assisted molding method, and their surface electrical properties were subsequently tailored by corona poling. The nanofibrous structure was formed without substantially disrupting the characteristic polar β phase. Compared with the planar film, the water contact angle (WCA) of the nanofiber-clustered film increased from 74.8° to 132.5°, indicating markedly enhanced hydrophobicity. Furthermore, corona poling increased the magnitude of the piezoelectric coefficient (|d33|) and altered the surface potential state. Protein adsorption and cell studies further showed that polarized nanofiber-clustered surfaces exhibited greater protein adsorption, more extensive cell spreading, and higher CCK-8 signals and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. These results indicate that the biological interfacial response of P(VDF-TrFE) films is regulated by surface morphology, wettability, and polarization-induced electrical characteristics. This work provides insight into the combined roles of nanofiber-clustered topography and electrical characteristics in regulating cell-material interactions on P(VDF-TrFE) surfaces.