Factors associated with high blood pressure in children living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatment in Yaounde

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

The prevalence of high blood pressure was 5% and pre-hypertension was 12% among children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, with no independent risk factors confirmed by multivariate analysis.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (n=100). Intervention: Antiretroviral therapy and HIV infection. Primary outcome: Elevated blood pressure (hypertension or pre-hypertension).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

High blood pressure and pre-hypertension affect 5% and 12% of children living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Yaoundé, with no independent risk factors confirmed by multivariable analysis. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Kamgaing Nelly; Fouogue Véronique; Kalla Claude; K. Rachel; Monebenimp Francisca; Ndjolo Alexis

doi:10.5281/hsd.v24i6.4513

May 31, 2023Health sciences and diseaseOpen Access

Factors associated with high blood pressure in children living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatment in Yaounde

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Key result

Elevated blood pressure affects ~17% of children with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

n=100

Why the study?

Antiretroviral treatment in children is associated with adverse effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but factors linked to high blood pressure in this population are not well identified.

Key Points

To evaluate the prevalence of high blood pressure and identify associated risk factors among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Conducted a cross-sectional study from November 2016 to June 2017 enrolling N=100 children aged 6 to 15 years who had been receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least one year in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Assessed factors linked to elevated blood pressure using Chi-square and Fisher tests alongside multivariable logistic regression with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.
Elevated blood pressure occurred in 17% of participants, with 5% exhibiting hypertension and 12% presenting with prehypertension.
Univariate analysis linked elevated blood pressure to antiretroviral therapy duration >9 years [OR=6.21 (95% CI: 1.62-23.70)], HIV infection duration >11 years [OR=5.75 (95% CI: 1.75-18.88)], advanced age [OR=3.57 (95% CI: 0.95-13.34)], and sedentary time [OR=3.42 (95% CI: 0.99-11.98)], but logistic regression did not confirm these associations.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=100)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

P

Population

100 children aged 6 to 15 years living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy for at least one year in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

E

Exposure

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least one year

O

Outcome

Elevated blood pressure (high blood pressure or pre-hypertension)surrogate

High blood pressure and pre-hypertension are present in 5% and 12% of children on ART in Yaounde, respectively, highlighting the need for cardiovascular risk monitoring in this population.

Limitations

Small sample size limiting generalization of results
Limitations inherent to the cross-sectional study design
Lack of cohort follow-up to determine the timing of elevated blood pressure onset
Environmental factors and proteinuria were not investigated
Small sample size limiting generalizability
Cross-sectional study design

Implication

Supports BP monitoring in children on ART; leaves open independent risk factors in larger studies.

Abstract

RÉSUMÉIntroduction. Au Cameroun, le nombre d’enfants sous antirétroviraux (TARV) est en progression régulière. Les ARV sont responsables d’effets indésirables avec risque de maladies cardiovasculaires Le but de ce travail est d’identifier les facteurs associés à hypertension artérielle (HTA) chez les enfants sous TARV dans la ville de Yaoundé. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale de novembre 2016 à juin 2017 dans la ville de de Yaoundé. Etait inclus tout enfant âgé entre six et quinze ans révolus et sous ARV depuis au moins un an. Le critère de jugement était la TA élevée. Les tests de Chi carré et de Fisher ont été conduits ainsi qu’une régression logistique, avec seuil de significativité de p <0,05. Résultats. Nous avons enrôlé 100 enfants dont l’âge moyen est 10,81 ± 2,72 ans La prévalence de l’HTA est de 5%, la pré HTA est à 12%. La durée de TARV de plus de neuf ans [OR=6,21 (IC 95 : 1,62-23,70)], la durée d’infection à VIH de plus de 11 ans [OR= 5,75 (IC 95 : 1,75-18,88)], l’âge avancé [OR=3,57 (IC 95 : 0,95-13,34)] et le temps de sédentarité important [OR=3,42 (IC 95 : 0,99-11,98)] étaient associés aux chiffres tensionnels élevés mais la régression logistique n’a pas confirmé cette association. Conclusion. L’HTA est présente chez les enfants sous TARV à Yaoundé mais il n’a pas été retrouvé de facteurs associés à cet état. Cependant, les facteurs de risques de maladies cardiovasculaires sont présents chez ces enfants et leur suivi devrait en tenir compte. ABSTRACTIntroduction. In Cameroon, the number of children on antiretrovirals (ART) is steadily increasing. ARVs are responsible for adverse effects with risk of cardiovascular disease The aim of this work is to identify the factors associated with high blood pressure(HBP) in children on ART in Yaoundé. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study from November 2016 to June 2017 in the city of Yaoundé. Included were all children between the ages of six and fifteen who had been on ARVs for at least one year. The endpoint was elevated BP. Chi-square and Fisher tests were conducted as well as a logistic regression, with a significance level of p <0.05. Results. We enrolled 100 children whose average age is 10.81 ± 2.72 years. The prevalence of HBP is 5%, pre hypertension is 12%. The duration of ART of more than nine years [OR=6.21 (95% CI: 1.62-23.70)], the duration of HIV infection of more than 11 years [OR= 5.75 (95% CI: : 1.75-18.88)], advanced age [OR=3.57 (95% CI: 0.95-13.34)] and significant sedentary time [OR=3.42 (95% CI: 0.99-11.98)] were associated with elevated BP but logistic regression did not confirm this association. Conclusion. HBP is present in children on ART in Yaoundé but no factor associated with this condition have been found. However, risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present in these children and their follow-up should take this into account.

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Cite This Study

Nelly et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (n=100). Antiretroviral therapy and HIV infection was evaluated on Elevated blood pressure (hypertension or pre-hypertension). The prevalence of high blood pressure was 5% and pre-hypertension was 12% among children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, with no independent risk factors confirmed by multivariate analysis.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ac2fd227180a622ddd4dfb2 https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v24i6.4513

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Factors associated with high blood pressure in children living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatment in Yaounde

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Factors associated with high blood pressure in children living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatment in Yaounde

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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