Key result
In a cross-sectional study of 1,257 school children in Libreville, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 28.1%, with advanced age and undernutrition identified as associated factors.
Why the study?
Arterial hypertension is often under-investigated in children and adolescents, and its characteristics in school-aged populations in Libreville were not well described.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,257)
A high prevalence of elevated blood pressure (28.1%) was found among school children in Libreville, Gabon, highlighting the need for early screening and primary prevention strategies.
RÉSUMÉIntroduction. L’hypertension artérielle (HTA) est souvent peu recherchée chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Notre objectif était de décrire les particularités de l’HTA chez l’enfant et l’adolescent en milieu scolaire à Libreville. Matériels et Méthodes. Cette étude prospective transversale descriptive et analytique, de mars à juin 2021 avait inclus les enfants et adolescents de 6 à 16 ans des établissements publics ou privés de l’Académie de Libreville, qui avaient obtenu un consentement parental. Les cas étaient tous les enfants diagnostiqués comme ayant une pression artérielle (PA) élevée. Les témoins, ceux ayant une PA normale, appariés à un cas selon le sexe et l’âge. Le recueil des paramètres consistait en la prise de la PA, de la taille, du poids, et en l’analyse des urines. L’analyse statistique avait été effectuée à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info 7.2.2. Résultats. L’âge moyen des 1257 élèves inclus étaient de 13 ± 2,7 ans. Dans cette population, 353 avaient une moyenne de la PAS et/ou de la PAD, supérieure ou égale au 95e p, selon la taille et l’âge, soit une prévalence de 28,1% IC 95% [25,59 ; 30,56]. Les facteurs associés étaient l’âge avancé, notamment chez les élèves de 16 ans (p=0,04 et OR = 1,3) et l’état de dénutrition (p= 0,03 et OR =1,03). Conclusion. Une proportion importante d’enfants scolarisés à Libreville avait des PA élevées. Ces résultats donnent l’alerte pour la mise en route de politiques de prévention primaire au niveau communautaire. ABSTRACTIntroduction. Arterial hypertension (AH) is often not well investigated in children and adolescents. Our objective was to describe the particularities of hypertension in children and adolescents in schools in Libreville. Materials and Methods. This prospective descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, from March to June 2021, included children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years in public or private schools in the Academy of Libreville, who had obtained parental consent. Cases were all children diagnosed with elevated blood pressure (BP). Controls were those with normal BP, matched to a case by sex and age. The collection of parameters consisted of BP, height, weight, and urine analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info 7.2.2 software. Results. The mean age of the 1257 students included was 13 ± 2.7 years. In this population, 353 had a mean SBP and/or DBP, greater than or equal to the 95th p, by height and age, for a prevalence of 28.1% 95% CI [25.59; 30.56]. Associated factors were advanced age, especially in 16-year-old students (p=0.04 and OR = 1.3) and undernutrition status (p= 0.03 and OR =1.03). Conclusion. A significant proportion of school children in Libreville had high BP. These results give an alert for the implementation of primary prevention policies at the community level.
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E et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Arterial hypertension (n=1,257). Advanced age (16 years) and undernutrition vs. Younger age and normal nutrition was evaluated on Prevalence of elevated blood pressure (SBP and/or DBP ≥ 95th percentile) (95% CI 25.59-30.56). In a cross-sectional study of 1,257 school children in Libreville, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 28.1%, with advanced age and undernutrition identified as associated factors.
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