LED Light Quality Modulates Organogenesis, Chlorophyll Accumulation, and Phytochemical Diversity in In Vitro Regenerated Bacopa monnieri

Efficient in vitro regeneration protocol developed for Bacopa monnieri and evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and LED quality on morphogenesis, chlorophyll content, and phytochemical composition. Kinetin induced maximum callus (72.5%), while kinetin (2.0 mg L⁻1) + IBA (0.5 mg L⁻1) achieved 90% shoot regeneration, 11.31 ± 0.94/ per explant under white LED. IBA supported efficient rooting while blue LED enhanced shoot and root proliferation, red LED increased biomass, whereas white LED promoted chlorophyll accumulation and phytochemical diversity. GC-MS identified 54, 52, and 86 compounds under blue, red, and white LEDs. 95% plantlets survived in acclimatization, supporting large-scale propagation.