Effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular health: the TANSNIP-PESA trial

Figures

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  Figure 1. Schematic representation and timeline of the PESA and PESA-HEALTH studies and the present TANSNIP-PESA RCT nested within the PESA cohort. PESA, Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SA, subclinical atherosclerosis; TANSNIP, Trans-Atlantic Network to study Stepwise Non-invasive Imaging as a tool for CVD Prognosis and prevention.

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  Figure 2. Summarized CONSORT flowchart. CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials; FU, follow-up; int, intervention; SA, subclinical atherosclerosis.

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  Figure 3. Change in the primary outcome at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and 3-year follow-up in all TANSNIP-PESA participants. The line-plot represents mean change (dots) for the adapted Fuster-BEWAT score at different follow-up times relative to values at the initial screening for intervened participants (orange) and controls (blue). P-values as derived from between-group differences of Fuster-BEWAT score change at each follow-up assessment from baseline using linear mixed effect regression models. The score ranges from 0 (poor cardiovascular health) to 24 (ideal cardiovascular health) and is derived from the sum of the individual components (0–4 points each). Adapted Fuster-BEWAT score, Blood pressure, Exercise (PA and sedentary time), Weight (BMI), Alimentation (fruit and vegetable consumption), and Tobacco (smoking habit); PESA, Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis; TANSNIP, Trans-Atlantic Network to study Stepwise Non-invasive Imaging as a tool for CVD Prognosis and prevention.

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  Figure 4. Distribution of participants according to their degree of absolute change in the adapted Fuster-BEWAT score at Year 1 (left panel) and Year-3 follow-up (right panel) in both study treatment arms. The adapted Fuster-BEWAT score ranges from 0 (poor cardiovascular health) to 24 (ideal cardiovascular health) and is derived from the sum of the individual components (0–4 points each). Participants were classified into five categories according to their change in the adapted Fuster-BEWAT score from baseline: Markedly improved (dark green: a >3 point change); moderately improved (light green: a 2–3 point change); stable (yellow: a –1 to 1 point change); moderately worse (orange: a –2 to –3 point change) and markedly worse (red: a >–3 point change). BEWAT, Blood pressure, Exercise (objectively measured PA and sedentary time), Weight (BMI), Alimentation (fruit and vegetable consumption), and Tobacco.