Implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: An educational video

Objectives: Implantation and use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) systems is a proven treatment strategy for epilepsy and depression, and extensive research regarding vagal control of the heart has led to the idea of VNS as a potential adjunct treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We describe our experience with the implantation of an investigational VNS system to manage patients living with HFrEF. Methods: As part of the ongoing ANTHEM-HFrEF (Autonomic Regulation Therapy to Enhance Myocardial Function and Reduce Progression of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) Pivotal Study, a 67-year-old male patient with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy was randomized to implantation of the VITARIA System (LivaNova Inc). The electrical lead requires no mapping for placement around the vagus nerve. The surgical procedure was completed uneventfully under general anesthesia, and the device was activated in the operating room after surgery. Results: Following successful implantation and activation of the VNS system, the patient was discharged to home on the same day. Conclusions: Current, ongoing studies, such as the ANTHEM-HFrEF Pivotal Study, are designed to determine the long-term effects of VNS on heart failure symptoms, hospitalization rates, and survival. The VNS-implantation procedure was straightforward.