Key result
Plasmapheresis followed by liver transplant resolves Lipoprotein X hyperlipidemia and improves diffuse xanthomas.
Why the study?
Cutaneous xanthomas, particularly diffuse forms associated with lipoprotein X hyperlipidemia, are rare and not well described in the literature.
Case Report (n=1)
May resolve refractory xanthomas in cholestatic hyperlipidemia; extends sparse case reports but remains hypothesis-generating.
Cutaneous xanthomas are characterized by benign lipid deposits in the dermis. Clinical variants include eruptive xanthomas, tendinous xanthomas, tuberous xanthomas, plane xanthomas, and verruciform xanthomas. Xanthomas can be idiopathic but typically occur in association with inherited or acquired dyslipidemias. Although cutaneous xanthomas, particularly xanthelasma, are common lesions seen by dermatologists, patients rarely present with diffuse xanthomas.
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Byrnes et al. (2023) conducted a case report in Lipoprotein X hyperlipidemia and diffuse cutaneous xanthomas (n=1). Plasmapheresis and liver transplant was evaluated on Improvement of cutaneous xanthomas and lipid levels. In a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis, treatment with plasmapheresis followed by a liver transplant resolved Lipoprotein X-mediated hyperlipidemia and markedly improved diffuse cutaneous xanthomas.
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