Key result
Postoperative AF occurs in ~42% of CABG patients with metabolic risk factors.
Why the study?
The impact of systemic metabolic risk factors on early and late postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting was not well characterized.
Observational (n=19)
No
Patients with metabolic risk factors undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting face a high risk of early postoperative complications, particularly atrial fibrillation and stroke, underscoring the need for aggressive preoperative optimization.
May inform risk stratification after CABG in metabolic-risk patients; leaves open whether prevention reduces morbidity.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a critical intervention for patients with advanced coronary artery disease, yet its success is often challenged by the presence of systemic metabolic risk factors. Factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism create a chronic pro-inflammatory environment that can complicate surgical recovery. This study aims to evaluate how these metabolic disturbances influence early and late postoperative outcomes in a clinical setting. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 19 patients with established metabolic risk factors who underwent CABG at the "Zhan Mitrev Clinic" (Skopje) between February and March 2025. Preoperative comorbidities and laboratory findings were analyzed in relation to postoperative complications. Metabolic risk was assessed using NCEP ATP III guidelines. Results: The majority of patients were male (68%), with a predominant age range of 61 to 70 years. All patients presented with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, while 36% were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The most frequent early postoperative complication was atrial fibrillation (42%), followed by cerebrovascular insult (16%). Long-term follow-up revealed a 5% incidence of prolonged sternal wound healing and a 5% rate of rehospitalization due to hypotension. No perioperative mortality was recorded. Conclusion: The presence of metabolic risk factors identifies a high-risk patient cohort prone to postoperative arrhythmias and delayed wound healing. Preoperative identification and aggressive optimization of these risk factors are essential to mitigate the systemic inflammatory response and improve overall surgical prognosis.
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Mihajlovska et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Multivessel coronary artery disease with metabolic risk factors (n=19). Coronary artery bypass grafting in the presence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated on Occurrence of early postoperative atrial fibrillation. In patients with metabolic risk factors undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, postoperative atrial fibrillation was the most frequent complication, occurring in 42% of patients.
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