Key result
Microvascular dysfunction precedes type 2 diabetes and is linked to multiple end-organ complications.
Why the study?
Microvascular dysfunction is a common pathophysiological change in diseases such as T2DM, heart failure, dementia, and depression, and recent advances enable noninvasive measurement of microvascular changes in humans.
Cohort (n=9,000)
May inform preclinical cardiometabolic risk stratification; leaves open whether targeting microvascular function alters outcomes.
Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is a common pathophysiological change that occurs in various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure, dementia, and depression. Recent technical advances have enabled noninvasive measurement and quantification of microvascular changes in humans. In this paper, we describe the protocols of the microvascular measurements applied in the Maastricht Study, an ongoing prospective, population-based cohort study of persons aged 40-75 years being carried out in the southern part of the Netherlands (baseline data assessment, November 2010-January 2020). The study includes a variety of noninvasive measurements in skin, retina, brain, and sublingual tissue, as well as plasma and urine biomarker assessments. Following this, we summarize our main findings involving these microvascular measurements through the end of 2018. Finally, we provide a brief perspective on future microvascular investigations within the framework of the Maastricht Study.
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Li et al. (2020) conducted a cohort in Microvascular dysfunction (n=9,000). Cardiovascular risk factors and chronic diseases (e.g., prediabetes, type 2 diabetes) vs. Individuals without the respective risk factors or diseases was evaluated on Various microvascular dysfunction markers (skin, retina, brain, and sublingual tissue, plus plasma/urine biomarkers). Microvascular dysfunction is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, occurs prior to the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and is linked to end-organ dysfunctions such as depression, cognitive decline, and albuminuria.
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