An Observational Study to Assess the Predictors of Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) resulting from either insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin utilisation by the body. Cardiac dysfunction refers to abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart, leading to impaired pumping ability and compromised circulation. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiac dysfunction is complex and involves multiple factors, including metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Methods: The study employed an observational design and included a sample size of 284 participants with type 2 diabetes. It included T2DM patients (> 10 years of duration of the disease) who were more than 40 years of age. Result: The results showed a significant positive association between the age group of 61-80 years and abnormal/ elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) [odds ratio (OR): 2.32; confidence interval (CI): 1.013 ± 3.301; p value: 0.039]. Furthermore, an increase in the duration of T2DM (21-30 years) was significantly associated with abnormal/ elevated BNP levels (> 100) [OR: 3.283; CI: 1.704 ± 3.827; p value: 0.003]. Conclusion: This study links BNP to ejection fraction (EF) in T2DM patients without heart failure symptoms. It also shows that elevated BNP is associated with reduced EF, and normal BNP is linked to preserved EF. It was seen that age, T2DM duration, and HbA1c impact BNP levels. Longer T2DM duration was found to be associated with lower EF. How to cite this article: Chaudhary AK, Singh RK, Singh A, Chauhan M. An Observational Study to Assess the Predictors of Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Adv Res Med. 2023;10(1):1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202302