A Game‑Theoretic Model of Stakeholders in the Transportation Process

introduction of a digital twin expands the Pareto frontier, making it possible to improve the criteria. Practical significance: the model serves as a methodological basis for decision‑making by infrastructure owners. The proposed approach makes it possible to balance the interests of market participants under conditions of limited throughput and other resource constraints. In the future, it is necessary to continue researching the possibility of implementing a digital twin on a separate test site. Develop a concept for a digital twin to ensure the availability of rolling stock, with the aim of increasing throughput and optimizing the organization of work for process participants, including stakeholders, operator companies, and infrastructure owners. Examine in detail the operation of the digital twin system, its structure, technical characteristics, and technological capabilities. Analyze how it is possible to implement a digital twin in automated systems for operating railway stations and test tracks.