Plasma Cell Granuloma of the Gingiva: A Case Report and a Short Communication on the Diagnostic Hurdles

Introduction: Plasma cell granulomas (PCG), a form of non-cancerous inflammatory lesions, are primarily found in the lungs but seldom observed in the oral cavity. The term highlights a focal, non-malignant accumulation of mature plasma cells. Previous studies have noted PCGs in the tongue, lip, and oral mucosa; however, cases involving the gingiva are notably infrequent. Hence, the manuscript presents a dual strategy of a brief literature review using multiple electronic databases, along with the presentation of a case report of PCG. These pathological entities are typically composed of a dense aggregation of polyclonal plasma cells. A precise diagnosis relies on gross examination, radiographic findings, morphological features, and immunophenotypic characteristics. Case presentation: A 35-year-old female presented with a painless gingival overgrowth in the mandibular anterior region, associated with intermittent bleeding on flossing. Intraoral examination revealed a firm, erythematous, well-demarcated lesion between teeth 32 and 33. A provisional diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma was made. Radiographs showed no bony involvement. Following Phase I therapy; an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathology confirmed plasma cell granuloma with dense plasma cell infiltration and kappa light chain predominance. Post-operative healing was satisfactory with no recurrence after eight weeks. Conclusion: This case report presents a rare case of PCG of the gingiva, contributing valuable insights for further research, to raise awareness among patients and dental professionals, and to understand that early identification and treatment can lead to highly successful outcomes, ensuring effective management and alleviating concerns about malignancy. Hence, this case underscores the importance of histopathological evaluation in diagnosing rare gingival lesions and avoiding misdiagnosis. Early intervention ensures excellent outcomes.