A Rare Case of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma of Maxilla in an Edentulous Site With Diagnostic Overlap

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a relatively common, benign, reactive lesion of the oral cavity that originates from the periosteum or periodontal ligament. Often confused clinically with central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), especially in atypical locations, PGCG may present diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features. This case report discusses a 62-year-old male who presented with a dome-shaped swelling in the right posterior maxillary edentulous region. The lesion appeared following self-extraction of mobile teeth, with a central ulceration and bluish discoloration. Imaging showed a reactive bone lesion, and the lesion was excised and sent for histopathological analysis. The final diagnosis was PGCG. This report emphasizes diagnostic differentiation, especially in diabetic patients, and the importance of comprehensive clinical, radiological, and histopathological correlation in the diagnosis of PGCG.