Key result
Review details the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications of hypertension in multiple sclerosis.
Why the study?
The epidemiology of hypertension in people with multiple sclerosis, its potential linking pathways, and its association with MS-related outcomes remain incompletely understood.
This narrative review highlights the need for a better understanding of the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications of hypertension in people with multiple sclerosis.
May inform BP monitoring in multiple sclerosis; leaves open optimal management and causal effects pending prospective trials.
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, but its epidemiology in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) remains unclear. Whether PwMS have a higher prevalence of hypertension than the general population, the potential pathways linking the two conditions, and the association between hypertension and MS-related outcomes remain incompletely understood. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence of hypertension in PwMS, examines potential immunological, autonomic, vascular, behavioral, and treatment-related pathways that may link MS and hypertension, and explores how MS disease-modifying therapies may influence blood pressure regulation. It also reviews evidence on the association between hypertension and neurological disability, mobility, cognitive function, visual outcomes, and markers of neurodegeneration in PwMS, as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with MS. Finally, it discusses the clinical implications of these findings and identifies priorities for future research.
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Arafa et al. (2026) conducted a review in Multiple Sclerosis and Hypertension. Hypertension was evaluated. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications of hypertension in people with multiple sclerosis.
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