Epidemiological Profile of Emergency Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Deaths Due to Acute Pancreatitis and Other Pancreatic Diseases in Brazil, 2015-2024

Background: Acute pancreatitis and other pancreatic diseases contribute to emergency hospital utilization in Brazil.Describing their temporal, regional, and demographic patterns may inform healthcare planning.Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and temporal trends of Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)-funded emergency admission records and in-hospital deaths under the combined International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) categories K85-K86 in Brazil between 2015 and 2024.Methods: This nationwide ecological, retrospective time-series study used aggregated data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS).Approved Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs), rather than unique patients, were analyzed by processing year, hospital region, sex, and age group.Indicators included absolute counts, crude and stratum-specific population-based rates per 100,000 inhabitants, and recorded in-hospital deaths per 100 approved AIHs.Overall rates were not agestandardized.Trends in admission rates and AIH-based death percentages were assessed using the Joinpoint Regression Program, with annual percentage change and average annual percentage change (AAPC) estimates.Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Overall, 333,438 approved AIHs and 16,623 in-hospital deaths were recorded.The national admission rate increased from 14.82 to 17.11 per 100,000 inhabitants (AAPC: 1.80%; p < 0.05).Admission counts decreased in 2021 and subsequently increased, peaking in 2023.The Southeast accounted for the largest absolute numbers of admissions and deaths, whereas the South had the highest crude populationbased rates.The North and Northeast showed the largest average annual increases in admission rates.Men accounted for most admissions and deaths, although their proportional contribution decreased.Admissions were concentrated among adults aged 30-69 years, while deaths were concentrated among older adults.Annual death counts remained relatively stable, whereas recorded deaths per 100 approved AIHs decreased from 5.67 to 4.63 (AAPC: -2.24%; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Within SIH/SUS, emergency admission rates under K85-K86 increased, while recorded deaths relative to approved AIHs declined.Regional and demographic differences may inform surveillance and assessment of healthcare needs.These findings describe administrative hospital utilization and in-hospital outcomes and do not establish changes in disease incidence or improvements in care.