Key result
ACE gene DD genotype is linked to ~26% higher odds of essential hypertension.
Why the study?
Genetic factors, particularly ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism, have been implicated in hypertension pathogenesis but their association in the South Indian population was unclear.
Does the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism increase the risk of essential hypertension in the South Indian population?
Case-Control
No
Does the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism increase the risk of essential hypertension in the South Indian population?
Odds Ratio: 1.26 (95% CI 1.63–2.59)
p-value: p=0.043
The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is significantly associated with essential hypertension in the South Indian population, suggesting the D allele serves as a genetic risk factor.
DD genotype associated with hypertension in South Indians; hypothesis-generating, requires replication before any clinical consideration.
Background: Hypertension is a major global health problem and an important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Genetic factors, particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and hypertension among the South Indian population.Methodology: A hospital-based case-control observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from February 2025 to May 2026. Newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and age-and sex-matched normotensive controls were included after obtaining informed consent. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis and nanodrop spectrophotometry. ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with specific primers. Genotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls using appropriate statistical analysis.Results: The study demonstrated the presence of II, ID, andDD genotypes among participants. The deletion (D) allele and DD genotype were observed more frequently among hypertensive patients compared to controls, suggesting a positive association with hypertension. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and elevated blood pressure.Conclusion: ACE gene I/D polymorphism appears to be associated with hypertension in the South Indian population. The D allele may serve as a potential genetic risk factor for the development of hypertension.
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J et al. (2026) conducted a case-control in Essential Hypertension. ACE gene deletion (D) allele and DD genotype vs. ACE gene insertion (I) allele and II genotype was evaluated on Association of DD genotype with hypertension (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.63-2.59, p=0.043). The ACE gene DD genotype was significantly associated with essential hypertension in the South Indian population compared to the II genotype (OR 1.26).
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