International Survey on Public Procurement Methods for Architectural Design：

This study reports on an international survey of public procurement systems for architectural design services in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. All three countries, including non-EU Switzerland, have undertaken legal reforms following the 2014 EU Public Procurement Directive. The paper identifies common approaches: frameworks that avoid selecting designers solely on the lowest price; design competitions emphasizing anonymity and excluding price from evaluation; and support mechanisms enabling not only national but also local governments to conduct such competitions. These findings highlight cross-national trends in quality-oriented procurement and the broader institutionalization of design competitions.