Key result
Captopril linked to adverse drug reactions in ~50% of hypertensive patients, driven by dry cough.
Why the study?
The incidence, classification, and factors associated with captopril-related adverse drug reactions among hypertensive patients in primary healthcare required investigation.
What is the incidence and causality classification of suspected adverse drug reactions in hypertensive patients receiving captopril in a primary healthcare setting, and are sociodemographic characteristics or treatment patterns associated with their occurrence?
Cross-Sectional (n=44)
No
What is the incidence and causality classification of suspected adverse drug reactions in hypertensive patients receiving captopril in a primary healthcare setting, and are sociodemographic characteristics or treatment patterns associated with their occurrence?
Half of the hypertensive patients treated with captopril in an Indonesian primary care clinic reported suspected adverse drug reactions—predominantly dry cough—highlighting the need for routine monitoring to support medication adherence.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
High suspected ADR rate with captopril warrants vigilance in primary care; leaves open generalizability and causality in larger prospective studies.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unintended and harmful responses to medicines occurring at doses normally used for disease prevention, diagnosis, or treatment. Hypertension is a chronic condition requiring long-term pharmacological therapy, and captopril, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. This study aimed to determine the incidence and classification of ADRs and examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, captopril treatment patterns, and the occurrence of captopril-related ADRs among hypertensive patients. This prospective observational study employed a cross-sectional assessment, with data collected prospectively through patient interviews from March to May 2024 at Andalas Community Health Center, Padang City, Indonesia. The Naranjo Algorithm was used to assess the probability of a causal relationship between captopril use and suspected ADRs. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas (No. 39/UN16.10.D.KEPK-FF/2024). Of the 44 patients receiving captopril therapy, 22 (50.0%) experienced at least one suspected ADR, with a total of 26 suspected ADR events identified. Dry cough was the most frequently reported ADR (69%), followed by dizziness (11%) and nausea (8%), swollen gums (4%), frequent urination (4%), and flatulence (4%). Based on the Naranjo Algorithm, 73% of ADRs were classified as probable and 27% as possible. No significant associations were found between sociodemographic characteristics or captopril treatment patterns and ADR occurrence (p > 0.05). Suspected ADRs were relatively common among patients receiving captopril, with dry cough being the most frequently reported reaction.
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Yosmar et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=44). Captopril (monotherapy or in combination with amlodipine) vs. Captopril monotherapy (reference for treatment pattern comparison) was evaluated on Occurrence of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) at the patient level. Captopril therapy was associated with suspected adverse drug reactions in 50.0% (22/44) of hypertensive patients, primarily dry cough (69% of events), with no significant differences by age, sex, or combination therapy (all p>0.05).
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