Chaotic and nonlinear thermal behavior in MHD nanofluid flow past a cone embedded in porous medium with Hall and radiation effects

This paper discusses the study of numerical analysis focused on heat transfer and laminar boundary-layer flow of a water-based nanofluid (Cu, Ag, and TiO 2 ) in the vicinity of a vertical cone embedded in porous media. While nanofluid investigations are widely used, this study examines the combined effects of Hall current, Joule heating, thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, and porous-medium resistance in a cone-shaped configuration with various nanoparticle morphologies. A comprehensive analysis of thermal radiation, Joule heating, Hall current, and internal heat generation/absorption is conducted using the magnetohydrodynamic framework. Similarity transformations reformulate the governing partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which may be resolved by the second-kind polynomial-based Chebyshev-collocation method (CCM). The results exhibit excellent agreement with outcomes documented in prior publications. Adjusting the Hall parameter between 0.5 and 1.5 reduces Joule heating and Lorentz force dissipation, boosts flow rates, and enhances cooling efficiency, elevating the Nusselt number from 135.47 to 147.34. Augmented thermal radiation enhances the thermal boundary layer, modifying temperature gradients and rates of heat transfer. Owing to ongoing exposure to the hot surface, the Darcy resistance of the porous medium is reduced by 33.5%, leading to an increase in fluid temperature and a decrease in both velocity and skin friction. Increased nanoparticle volume from 10% to 20% enhances heat transmission progressively. In terms of thermal efficiency, platelets and cylinders outperform spherical nanoparticles due to their effective thermal conductivity being greater than the change in wall temperature gradient. Copper nanoparticles provide superior heat transmission. These complex multi-physics challenges are effectively and accurately resolved by the CCM. The quantitative benchmarks specified in this context are vital for the evolution of modern thermal management systems pertaining to nuclear reactor cooling, electronic device temperature oversight, geothermal energy harvesting, and aeronautical uses.