Determination of Village Apparatus Performance: The Role of Compensation, Leadership, and Work Environment in Pandian Village, Sumenep Madura

This study examines the determinants of village apparatus performance through the roles of compensation, leadership style, and work environment in Pandian Village, Sumenep Regency. The research is motivated by the gap between the increasing demands for administrative performance and public service quality and the actual conditions of village governance, which still face issues such as uneven workload distribution and delays in administrative reporting . This study aims to analyze the influence of compensation, leadership, and work environment on the performance of village officials. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using a saturated sampling technique involving 30 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with EViews 10. The results indicate that compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance, making it the most dominant factor. Leadership style also has a significant effect but shows a negative relationship, indicating that the existing leadership approach is not yet effective. Meanwhile, the work environment does not have a significant effect, although it shows a positive direction, suggesting that it is already relatively adequate and not a primary determinant. This study contributes to the development of public sector human resource management by providing empirical evidence at the village governance level and highlighting the importance of integrating compensation systems, adaptive leadership, and supportive work environments to improve performance. The findings imply that village governments should prioritize fair compensation systems and adopt more participatory leadership approaches to enhance organizational effectiveness.