Heterogeneous Pixel Surface-Enabled Phased Array With Wide-Angle Scan and Low Interference for Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Applications

To suppress the lane-to-lane interference perceived by on-board units in millimeter-wave (MMW) intelligent vehicular applications, this letter proposes an eight-channel wide-angle scanning phased array that features low sidelobe levels and low cross-polarization radiation in the nonscanning plane. A heterogenous pixel layer, optimized via a binary algorithm, is incorporated to achieve wide-angle scan in the intended plane and low-sidelobe radiation in the orthogonal plane. The proposed phased array operating at 24.5 GHz, with a low profile of 0.112λ0, is fabricated and measured for performance demonstration. Measured results indicate that the main beam can scan from −70° to 70°, with both cross-polarization and sidelobe levels below −22.6 dB in the orthogonal plane. The phased array provides a novel and cost-effective solution for MMW vehicular applications.