Nurse-Led Discharge Education and Self-Care after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Narrative Review of Global and Pakistani Evidence

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Structured, theory-based nurse-led discharge education combined with telephone reinforcement consistently improves treatment adherence and self-care behavior in patients after PCI.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Review. Population: Coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Intervention: Nurse-led discharge education and telephone follow-up vs. Routine post-PCI discharge care. Primary outcome: Self-care behavior, treatment adherence, and self-efficacy after PCI.

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Structured, theory-based nurse-led discharge education combined with telephone reinforcement improves treatment adherence, health behaviors, and self-care after percutaneous coronary intervention. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

Hina Altaf; Usman Iqbal; Tanveer Hussain Shah; Gideon Victor; Maryam Hanif; Faiza Batool; Sana Khan

doi:10.56810/jpbm.004.03.0303

September 20, 2026Journal of Pharma and BiomedicsOpen Access

Nurse-Led Discharge Education and Self-Care after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Narrative Review of Global and Pakistani Evidence

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Key result

Nurse-led discharge education with telephone follow-up improves post-PCI adherence and self-care behavior.

Why the study?

The long-term benefit of PCI depends on post-discharge patient self-care, requiring a synthesis of global, regional, and Pakistani evidence on self-care after PCI and the effectiveness of nurse-led discharge education.

Does structured nurse-led discharge education improve self-care, adherence, and health behaviors in adults undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention?

Key Points

To synthesize global, regional, and Pakistani evidence on post-percutaneous coronary intervention self-care and evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led discharge education.
Searched PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar for literature published between 2019 and 2025, alongside foundational theoretical texts.
Thematically synthesized 20 methodologically diverse sources organized around the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness.
Structured, individualized nurse-led education improved medication adherence, self-management, and health behaviors, with the most durable effects achieved when pre-discharge teaching was followed by telephone reinforcement over 4 to 12 weeks.
Self-efficacy was identified as the strongest modifiable predictor of self-care, although patient confidence and control-group adherence frequently declined by 3 months without ongoing follow-up.
Pakistani evidence was limited to one randomized study of 100 post-intervention patients, which showed nurse-led supportive education reduced non-ischaemic chest pain at 2, 4, and 6 weeks (p < 0.001) without measuring self-care directly.

Structured PICO

Does structured nurse-led discharge education improve self-care, adherence, and health behaviors in adults undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention?

P

Population

Narrative review of 20 global, regional, and Pakistani sources evaluating adults with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention, with study follow-ups ranging from 1 to 12 months.

I

Intervention

Structured, individualized, theory-based nurse-led discharge and educational interventions (including face-to-face teaching, written materials, and post-discharge telephone reinforcement)

C

Comparator

Routine or standard post-PCI discharge care, or pre-discharge-only education without post-discharge telephone follow-up

O

Outcome

Self-care behaviors (maintenance, monitoring, and management domains), treatment adherence, self-management behavior, health behaviors, and self-efficacypatient reported

This narrative review demonstrates that post-PCI self-care is frequently inadequate and that structured, theory-based nurse-led discharge education combined with telephone follow-up is necessary to sustain patient adherence and self-management, highlighting a critical research gap in Pakistan.

Limitations

Narrative review design without a formal quality appraisal of included studies
Interpretive synthesis rather than statistical pooling of effect sizes
Grey literature, non-English sources, and non-indexed local Pakistani journals may have been missed
Included studies were predominantly small, single-center, or quasi-experimental with short follow-up and heterogeneous outcome measures
Narrative review design without a formal quality appraisal of the included studies
Interpretive rather than statistical synthesis
Grey literature and non-indexed local Pakistani journals may not have been fully captured
Included only English-language, peer-reviewed sources (apart from foundational theoretical works)
Evidence base is dominated by small, single-centre studies with varied outcome measures and short follow-up

Ask about this paper

Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.

Implication

May support theory-based nurse-led discharge education with telephone reinforcement after PCI; extends self-care theory but leaves open regional trial needs.

Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restores coronary blood flow, but its long-term benefit depends on how well patients care for themselves after discharge, and nurses are well placed to prepare them for this transition. This narrative review synthesizes global, regional and Pakistani evidence on self-care after PCI and on the effectiveness of nurse-led discharge education. A structured search of PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted for literature published between 2019 and 2025, supplemented by foundational theoretical works, and 20 sources were synthesized thematically using the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness as the organizing framework. Self-care after PCI was commonly inadequate in the maintenance, monitoring and management domains, and self-efficacy was its strongest modifiable predictor. Structured, individualized, theory-based nurse-led education improved treatment adherence, self-management behavior and health behaviors, with the most durable effects when pre-discharge teaching was followed by telephone reinforcement. Gains in self-efficacy were less consistent over time. Pakistani evidence is limited to one interventional study that did not measure self-care. Structured nurse-led discharge education with telephone follow-up should become standard post-PCI care, and theory-based Pakistani trials using the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory are needed.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Altaf et al. (2026) conducted a review in Coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Nurse-led discharge education and telephone follow-up vs. Routine post-PCI discharge care was evaluated on Self-care behavior, treatment adherence, and self-efficacy after PCI. Structured, theory-based nurse-led discharge education combined with telephone reinforcement consistently improves treatment adherence and self-care behavior in patients after PCI.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6af0dba03c845ca7837ced8c https://doi.org/10.56810/jpbm.004.03.0303

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Nurse-Led Discharge Education and Self-Care after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Narrative Review of Global and Pakistani Evidence

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Nurse-Led Discharge Education and Self-Care after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Narrative Review of Global and Pakistani Evidence

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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