Prevalence of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association with Cardio Metabolic Diseases in Early Diabetics

Background: To study the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiometabolic diseases in early diabetics. Materials and Methods:The Study was conducted on 120 diabetic patients attending the outdoor patient department and in wards of Department of medicine and diabetic clinic S.N.Medical College, Agra during the period from March 2016 to Aug 2017.After taking informed consent from the patients a detailed history physical examination and laboratory investigations carried out.NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonic assessment of the liver.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in diabetics was 56.67%.NAFLD patients were associated with metabolic syndrome components like hypertension (52.94%) (p-value=0.8045),diabetic dyslipidemia (73.53%) (p-value=0.0022),central obesity(70.58%)(p-value=0.0165),hypothyroidism (23.53%) (p-value=0.0005),hyperuricemia (20.58%) (p-value=0.0001), and deranged transaminases (47.05%) (p-value=o.8045).NAFLD patients were also associated with cardiac components like left ventricular hypertrophy (23.53%) (p-value=0.0005),systolic dysfunction (20.58%) (p-value=0.0001),diastolic dysfunction (17.65%) (p-value=0.0001), and increased carotid intima-media thickness (29.41%) (p-value=0.0081).Conclusion: The patients of diabetes mellitus should undergo liver function tests, ultrasonography of liver, Fibroscan and 2D echocardiography at the time of diagnosis.Early detection would help not only in modifying the disease course but would also delaying or preventing the fatal complications like steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma of the liver.Accordingly the patient may be treated earliest by various measures like lifestyle modifications etc.