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This analysis reveals CO₂ emissions from electroslag cadmium recovery in spent batteries, suggesting it may offer a sustainable option compared to hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods.
This study presents a carbon footprint assessment of a novel electroslag method for cadmium (Cd) recovery from spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The process utilizes molten KCl–NaCl flux and carbon as a reductant under electrovortex flow stirring. Energy inputs and CO₂ emissions are calculated for active process stages and compared to conventional methods. Updated analysis excludes flux melting, recognizing the flux as a non-consumable transport and protection medium. The results highlight the method’s potential for sustainable, continuous cadmium recovery.
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Blumbergs et al. (2025) studied this question.
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