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September 5, 2025FluidsOpen Access

CFD-Based Extensional Stress and Hemolysis Risk Evaluation in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Benchmark Nozzle Configurations

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This analysis observes extensional stress and hemolysis risk in FDA nozzles, suggesting design improvements for medical devices.

Hemolysis risk is significant in medical devices, particularly under mechanical stress conditions.
The study utilized varying throat Reynolds numbers from 500 to 6500 to evaluate nozzle configurations.
Extensional stress was critically evaluated, identifying a threshold of 2.8 Pa for risk assessment.
Zhang's power law model was superior in predicting hemolysis compared to Giersiepen's model, indicating model selection impacts results.

Mesude Avcı (2025) studied this question.

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