Role of Manganese (Mn) in Plants Under Salinity Stress: A Review

Saltiness has been the subject of studies for a long time. In the past few years, there have been a lot more studies on how to reduce its effects on crops and make them more productive. We need to find effective ways to reduce salt stress that can be used in many farming settings. We also need to make plants stronger in their defenses against this kind of stress. When there are too many soluble salts, especially sodium chloride (NaCl) in the soil, they can hurt plant growth and development. This is called salinity stress. Due to osmotic stress, high salt makes it hard for plants to take in water. It also causes ion toxicity (mainly from Na+ and Cl+) and nutrient problems by stopping plants from taking in important minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. These changes in physiology often lead to less photosynthesis, stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, and, in the end, less food output. Managing saltwater stress takes a combination of methods, such as making the soil drain better, using crop types that can handle salt, and using biostimulants, which make plants more resistant by keeping their physiological processes stable during stress. Manganese (Mn) can play a big part in this if we use their unique qualities, like their ability to survive in salty circumstances. It works with antioxidant enzymes like manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) to get rid of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are made when there is salt stress. This lowers oxidative damage. As a result, getting enough manganese (Mn) through foliar sprays, Mn fertilizerss, Mn tablets, and the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture has become much more important for reducing salt stress and improving plant health overall. This study looks at the many ways that manganese (Mn) can help plants deal with the bad effects of salt stress. By understanding these processes, we can come up with Mn-based ways to make crops more resistant to salt damage and increase their output in salty soils.