Assessing the Link Between Glycemic Status, Cardiac Autonomic Functions and Bladder Functions in Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health challenge, with India projected to reach 134 million cases by 2045. Chronic hyperglycemia in T2DM leads to multisystem complications, including diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN), which affects the cardiovascular and genitourinary systems. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and diabetic cystopathy are two key manifestations of DAN, both sharing a common pathophysiological basis. HbA1c serves as a robust marker of long-term glycemic control and is associated with diabetes-related complications. This study aims to assess the correlation between HbA1c levels, cardiac autonomic function, and bladder function using non-invasive methods. Materials And Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Madras Medical College in 2021, involving 31 clinically diagnosed T2DM patients aged 30–60 years. HbA1c levels were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac autonomic function was evaluated using the CANS (Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System) study, and bladder function was assessed using uroflowmetry. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Higher HbA1c levels were Results: significantly associated with sympathetic involvement (p=0.020) and overall CAN grading (p=0.04). There was a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and post-void residual urine and voiding time, and a negative correlation with maximum flow rate, average flow rate, and voided volume. Poor glycemic control, as indicated by elevated HbA1c, is strongly associated with early ca Conclusion: rdiac autonomic neuropathy and bladder dysfunction in T2DM patients. These findings highlight the value of integrating CANS testing and uroflowmetry into routine diabetes management for early detection and intervention