Specific Features, Barriers, and Trends in the Development of a Closed-Loop Economy in Developing Countries

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics, barriers and trends in the development of a circular economy in developing countries. The theoretical foundations and key elements of the model are considered, a comparative analysis of international approaches and regulatory frameworks is carried out. The features of the implementation of a circular economy due to institutional, socio-economic, technological and cultural factors are identified. A classification of barriers hindering the transition to closed production and consumption chains is carried out, including insufficient infrastructure, limited investment resources, imperfect legislation and low level of environmental awareness. Based on the analysis, current trends are identified, such as digitalization and automation of processing processes, development of environmentally oriented technologies, expansion of public-private partnerships, formation of environmental culture of the population and adaptation of foreign experience. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations for government bodies, business, scientific and educational organizations aimed at accelerating the transition to a sustainable economic model. The results of the study can be used in the formation of sustainable development strategies and programs to improve resource efficiency in developing countries.