Main Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Terms of Risk Group Perspectives Evaluation

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease in children, the prevalence of which has increased markedly worldwide in recent decades. Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of developing microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy. The critical impact of childhood diabetes on morbidity and mortality in the future requires us to rationally use all available tools and resources for the intensive development of new diagnostic mechanisms. Aim. To study the basic anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and functional characteristics of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in order to identify potential risk factors for diabetic nephropathy for further studies, taking into account specific markers. Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination was conducted, which is basic for all patients: 150 children with type 1 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and a control group aged from 3 to 18 years in the endocrinology department of Children’s Clinical Hospital №6. Statistical analysis and data processing were performed using GraphPad Prism 10.0 for Windows (USA, San Diego, California). Results. Data on physical development, hematological, and biochemical parameters of patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy were analyzed. Renal dysfunction in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy shows a higher degree of microalbuminuria and an increased glomerular filtration rate compared with the group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. An analysis of basic clinical, laboratory, and anamnestic data in children with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was conducted, which is the basis for further studies to identify potential risk factors for the formation of diabetic nephropathy through a comprehensive analysis of basic and specific molecular markers.