Observational analysis reveals that democratic leadership and job satisfaction positively influence employee loyalty at PT Siantar Ice Factory.
An employee's loyalty is shown by their defence and commitment to the firm. Among the attitudes shown are accountability, self-control, and positive interactions with superiors and/or colleagues. This study used the entire population (100%) because of the number of employees at PT. Ice Factory in Pematang Siantar had 78 people and less than 100 employees. The study results showed a calculated F value of 6.572> F table 2.72, and the Sig value was 0.000 <0.05, so democratic leadership, job training, work motivation, and job satisfaction significantly affected employee loyalty. This is indicated by (R-Square) value of 21.4%. This value can be interpreted as democratic leadership, job training, work motivation, and job satisfaction, which can influence employee performance by 21.4%; the remaining 100% - other variables or factors explain 21.4% = 78.6%.
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Normi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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