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This is a Literature Review study.

September 23, 2025Open Access

Integration Between Academic and Vocational Education in England: Historical Review

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This review examines integration models in vocational and academic education, suggesting implications for equity.

The integration pathway has evolved through six phases since the 19th century, with significant policy shifts.
Major transitions include the tripartite system, National Vocational Qualifications, and the Advanced British Standard.
Key driving factors include political contestation and economic needs that shape the educational landscape.
Lessons from the UK can inform other countries seeking to bridge vocational and academic education gaps.

Chen et al. (2025) studied this question.

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