Figure 6 from Estrogen Receptor Blockade Potentiates Immunotherapy for Liver Metastases by Altering the Liver Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Fulv enhances the inhibitory effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against CRCLM. Experimental LM were generated by intrasplenic/portal injection of 10⁵ MC-38 cells. Treatment consisted of subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg Fulv or vehicle on day 1 post-injection, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg anti-PD-1 or control IgG on day 2, with no treatment on day 3, a protocol that was repeated until day 15 [as shown in A]. Mice were sacrificed and metastases enumerated on day 18. Shown in B are metastases counts per liver (n = 4–9, pooled data of two separate experiments), in C nodule size range (n = 4–9), in D representative liver images, and in E representative H&E-stained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001, Mann–Whitney test.