Figure 4 from Estrogen Receptor Blockade Potentiates Immunotherapy for Liver Metastases by Altering the Liver Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Estrogen depletion increases the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in both the recruited and liver-resident macrophage populations. FC was performed on macrophages isolated 12 days post injection of 5 × 10⁵ MC-38 cells and stained with the indicated antibodies. Shown in A and B are flow cytometric contour plots (left) and M1/M2 macrophage ratios (right, n = 4). Representative confocal images obtained from 15 μm liver sections labeled as indicated are shown in C (left) and cell counts per field (means ± SD, n = 10) are shown in C (right). *, P ≤ 0.05; ****, P ≤ 0.0001, Student t test.