Figure 1 from Estrogen Receptor Blockade Potentiates Immunotherapy for Liver Metastases by Altering the Liver Immunosuppressive Microenvironment

Estrogen depletion increases NKT cytotoxicity in the liver TME. FC was performed on hepatic immune cells isolated following injection of 5 × 10⁵ MC-38 cells and immunolabeled with the indicated antibodies. Shown in A are flow cytometric contour plots and the respective bar graphs (n = 4). Shown in B (top) is the workflow of the NKT cytotoxicity assay, in B (bottom-left) representative images of green fluorescent (dead) MC-38 cells after co-culture with NKT cells for 30 hours and in B (bottom right) quantification of dead MC-38 cells as measured over time, normalized to time 0 hour (n = 2–3). ****, P ≤ 0.0001; Two-way ANOVA. (Created with BioRender.com.)