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January 10, 2026Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare0 citationsOpen Access

Influence of 5A-Based Self-Regulated Nursing Intervention on Self-Care Capability and Well-Being Among PCI Recipients with Coronary Heart Disease

HWHuili WangFourth People’s Hospital of Jinan WWWenjuan WangChinese PLA General Hospital LZLihong ZhangFourth People’s Hospital of Jinan

Key Points

To evaluate the impact of a 5A-based nursing intervention on self-care capability and well-being among patients undergoing PCI for coronary heart disease.
Designed as a longitudinal intervention study

Structured PICO

Does a 5A-based self-management nursing intervention improve cardiac function, exercise tolerance, self-management behaviors, and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease following PCI?

Population

200 adults (mean age ~56, 54% male) with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing first-time elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with good surgical outcomes (TIMI flow grade 3) and stable vital signs. Exclusions included malignant tumors, severe liver or kidney diseases (eGFR <30), end-stage heart failure (NYHA IV), and cognitive impairments.

Intervention

5A-based self-management nursing intervention (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange) added to routine care, including individualized goal setting, progressive exercise rehabilitation, health education, and a three-level follow-up system over a 1-year intervention period.

Comparator

Routine care, including in-hospital post-operative monitoring, standardized health education, distribution of a rehabilitation manual, and a telephone follow-up at one month post-surgery.

Outcome

Cardiac function (LVEF, NT-proBNP), exercise tolerance (6MWT), treatment adherence, self-management ability (CSMS), self-efficacy (GSES), daily living ability (Barthel Index), and quality of life (CQQC) evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months post-intervention.surrogate

A structured 5A-based self-management nursing intervention significantly improves cardiac function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients recovering from elective PCI.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5A-based self-management nursing intervention in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on its impact on self-care ability and quality of life. Methods: This retrospective study included CHD patients who underwent PCI at our hospital between September and December 2023. Based on nursing records, patients who received routine care were assigned to the control group, while those who additionally received a 5A-based self-management nursing intervention formed the intervention group. Eligible patients were identified according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical indicators and patient-reported outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). After the intervention period, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), lower serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and longer distances in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) compared with the control group (P<0.05). Treatment adherence was also higher in the intervention group (P<0.05). At 1, 3, and 6 months, patients in the intervention group achieved significantly better scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale (CSMS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Barthel Index (BI), and Chinese Cardiovascular Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQQC) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The 5A-based self-management nursing intervention appears effective for CHD patients after PCI, improving cardiac function, exercise capacity, self-management behaviors, and overall quality of life. These findings support its potential for broader clinical application.

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