Acute effects of high-intensity interval training on adiponectin isoforms in inactive young adults: a quasi-experimental study

Fig. 1. Study design. Abbreviation list: HRR: heart rate reserve; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21; LMW: low-molecular weight; MMW: medium-molecular weight; HMW: high-molecular weight; SmO2: muscle oximetry; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion. Figure created in Biorender.com

Fig. 2. Study flowchart

Fig. 3. Cardiovascular responses to the high-intensity interval training session. Each point represents the mean and the bars the standard deviation of each minute of the exercise session. A percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) used (target intensity reached at the peak of each bout); B muscle oximetry (SmO2); C ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) by the original Borg’s scale. Abbreviation list: %HRR: percentage of the heart rate reserve used; SmO2: muscle oximetry; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion

Fig. 4. Effects of a HIIT session on adiponectin isoforms. A low-molecular weight (LMW) adiponectin; B medium-molecular weight (MMW) adiponectin; C high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin; D representative blots with the three adiponectin isoforms. All values are normalized by the total protein loading (Ponceau Red staining), each dot united by a line represents the pre- and post-exercise values of the same participant, while the dots with the error bars at the Pre-post w/Error indicate the mean and SEM of the whole group. *: p < 0.05, indicate significant differences between the pre- and post-exercise values. Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary File 1

Fig. 5. Effects of a HIIT session on the ratio of adiponectin isoforms. A ratio between high-molecular (HMW) and low-molecular weight (LMW) adiponectin; B ratio between medium-molecular (MMW) and LMW adiponectin; C ratio between HMW and MMW adiponectin. Each dot united by a line represent the pre- and post-exercise values of the same participant, while the dots with the error bars at the Pre-post w/Error indicate the mean and SEM of the whole group. *: p < 0.05, indicate significant differences between the pre- and post-exercise values