Chinese expert consensus on percutaneous renal denervation therapy for hypertension (2025)

Percutaneous renal denervation (RDN) is a minimally invasive interventional therapy for hypertension that has been applied in clinical practice both domestically and internationally, primarily for patients with resistant hypertension or those who are intolerant of antihypertensive medications. Current clinical studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of this technique. As RDN remains in the stage of clinical adoption and dissemination, this consensus proposes a standardized clinical pathway to facilitate its orderly implementation, optimize procedural workflows, and standardize diagnostic and therapeutic practices. The pathway provides a comprehensive description of patient evaluation (including indications, contraindications, and screening procedures), standardized RDN procedural protocols (including perioperative medication management, anesthesia, ablation techniques, and complication management), and postoperative follow-up strategies (including follow-up content, methods, and timelines). This pathway is intended to serve as a reference for clinicians involved in RDN practice, promote uniform clinical standards, and support the standardized, precise, and sustainable development of RDN as a therapeutic discipline.