Population
Healthy individuals, and patients with hypertension or heart failure (review article)
Design
Review
Authors
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Offers mechanistic insights into sex differences in exercise hemodynamics; leaves open whether EA/ELV ratios should guide clinical decisions.
Arterial-ventricular coupling provides mechanistic insights into cardiovascular performance, optimizing energetic efficiency at rest and mechanical efficacy during exercise.
Chantler et al. (2008) studied this question.
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