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July 5, 2022Blood AdvancesOpen Access

High early death rates, treatment resistance, and short survival of Black adolescents and young adults with AML

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Authors

KLKarilyn LarkinDNDeedra NicoletBKBenjamin Kelly

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Overview

Multicenter cohort study reveals higher early mortality and lower survival in Black AYA patients with AML, highlighting urgent needs for targeted therapies and equitable care.

Key Points

  • To determine the impact of race on clinical outcomes and genomic alterations among adolescent and young adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Analyzed clinical outcomes of 89 non-Hispanic Black and 566 non-Hispanic White adolescent and young adult patients (aged 18–39 years) with AML treated on frontline Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance protocols.
  • Conducted targeted sequencing on leukemia samples from 327 patients (50 Black and 277 White) alongside longitudinal genomic profiling on selected cases.
  • Black patients aged 18 to 29 years had higher early death rates (16% vs 3%; P = .002), lower complete remission rates (66% vs 83%; P = .01), and lower 5-year overall survival (22% vs 51%; P < .001) compared with White peers.
  • Disparities in 5-year overall survival persisted among patients aged 18 to 29 years with non-core-binding factor AML (12% vs 44%; P < .001) and cytogenetically normal AML (13% vs 50%; P < .003).
  • Genomic profiling revealed that Black patients had lower frequencies of normal karyotypes and NPM1/CEBPA mutations, but higher frequencies of core-binding factor rearrangements and ASXL1, BCOR, and KRAS mutations.

Cite This Study

Larkin et al. (2022) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69da21880f778bd2e4684208https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007544
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