What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess overall survival differences across race and ethnicity in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and identify whether presentation acuity, organ toxicity, or relapse mediate these disparities.

August 14, 2026JAMA Network OpenOpen Access

Race and Ethnicity and Overall Survival in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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Authors

DZDaniel J. Zheng LKLong Khuong CACatherine Aftandilian

Discussion

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Overview

Retrospective cohort study reveals lower overall survival among Black and Hispanic children with acute myeloid leukemia, indicating presentation acuity partially drives racial disparities.

Key Points

To assess overall survival differences across race and ethnicity in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and identify whether presentation acuity, organ toxicity, or relapse mediate these disparities.
Retrospective cohort study of 773 pediatric patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia across 13 US children's hospitals from 2011 to 2024 (median follow-up, 51.2 months).
Evaluated overall survival differences among Black (n=125), Hispanic (n=237), and White (n=411) children while analyzing potential mediating clinical factors.
Five-year overall survival was lower in Black (61.1% [95% CI, 52.6%-71.0%]; AHR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.26-1.91]) and Hispanic (65.4% [95% CI, 58.9%-72.5%]; AHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.03-1.68]) children compared with White children (70.0% [95% CI, 65.2%-75.1%]).
Black children had higher risks of cardiovascular (ARR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.23-3.56]), respiratory (ARR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.05-1.77]), and renal (ARR, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.02-9.32]) acuity at presentation compared with White children.
Cardiovascular and respiratory acuity at presentation mediated 14% and 8% of the survival difference between Black and White children, respectively, with no significant differences in frontline organ toxicity or relapse rates.

Cite This Study

Zheng et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7ee587b70b84ec8b9147b7 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.28602

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August 14, 2026JAMA Network OpenOpen Access

Race and Ethnicity and Overall Survival in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

DZDaniel J. Zheng LKLong Khuong CACatherine Aftandilian

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Retrospective cohort study reveals lower overall survival among Black and Hispanic children with acute myeloid leukemia, indicating presentation acuity partially drives racial disparities.

Key Points

To assess overall survival differences across race and ethnicity in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and identify whether presentation acuity, organ toxicity, or relapse mediate these disparities.
Retrospective cohort study of 773 pediatric patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia across 13 US children's hospitals from 2011 to 2024 (median follow-up, 51.2 months).
Evaluated overall survival differences among Black (n=125), Hispanic (n=237), and White (n=411) children while analyzing potential mediating clinical factors.
Five-year overall survival was lower in Black (61.1% [95% CI, 52.6%-71.0%]; AHR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.26-1.91]) and Hispanic (65.4% [95% CI, 58.9%-72.5%]; AHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.03-1.68]) children compared with White children (70.0% [95% CI, 65.2%-75.1%]).
Black children had higher risks of cardiovascular (ARR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.23-3.56]), respiratory (ARR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.05-1.77]), and renal (ARR, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.02-9.32]) acuity at presentation compared with White children.
Cardiovascular and respiratory acuity at presentation mediated 14% and 8% of the survival difference between Black and White children, respectively, with no significant differences in frontline organ toxicity or relapse rates.

Cite This Study

Zheng et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7ee587b70b84ec8b9147b7 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.28602

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