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April 24, 2026BMJ MedicineOpen Access

GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of all cause and cause specific acute pancreatitis: target trial emulation

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Authors

YXYan XieTCTaeyoung ChoiZAZiyad Al-Aly

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Overview

Target trial emulates connecting GLP-1 receptor agonists use with acute pancreatitis risks in diabetes patients, indicating temporal risk patterns.

Key Points

  • To determine the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the risk of all cause and specific acute pancreatitis.
  • Target trial using electronic healthcare databases from the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.
  • Compared initiation of GLP-1RAs in 132,551 subjects versus sulfonylureas in 201,136 subjects.
  • Utilized discrete time survival models with inverse probability weighting.
  • No significant difference in all cause pancreatitis rates between GLP-1RA and sulfonylureas initiators after one year.
  • GLP-1RA was linked to higher risk of suspected drug induced pancreatitis early on, while reducing risks of hypertriglyceridaemia and alcohol induced pancreatitis later.
  • Drug induced pancreatitis risk peaked in the first three months, while reductions in other types varied across the year.

Cite This Study

Xie et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69eb092b553a5433e34b3c98https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2025-002183
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Are Not Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis or Pancreatic Complications, Including Pancreatic Cancer, in Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Propensity-Matched Cohort Study2026
  2. 2Risk of all–cause death and pancreatic events following GLP-1 RA initiation in people with obesity or type 2 diabetes: observations from a federated research network2025
  3. 3Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist discontinuation and risks of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes: target trial emulation2026 · 5 citations
  4. 4772-P: GLP1RA Use and Risk of Pancreatitis and Biliary Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Low to Moderate CV Risk2024
  5. 5Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among <scp>GLP</scp>‐1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials2025 · 28 citations