Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and Hospitalization Costs in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flowchart of data retrieval.

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  Figure 2.. Annual percentage changes in hospitalizations from 2017 to 2020 compared with predicted values.

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  Figure 3.. Annual percentage changes in hospitalizations by disease from 2017 to 2020 compared with predicted values for acute cardiovascular diseases.

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  Figure 4.. Annual percentage changes in hospitalizations by disease from 2017 to 2020 compared with predicted values for scheduled surgeries or procedures for cardiovascular diseases.

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  Figure 5.. Pareto charts showing the breakdown of annual hospitalization costs and the reduction in annual hospitalization costs. Annual hospitalization costs were calculated as (observed hospitalization counts in 2020) × (median costs during the COVID-19 pandemic). The reduction in annual hospitalization costs was calculated as the (difference between the predicted and observed hospitalization counts in 2020) × (median costs during the COVID-19 pandemic). A Pareto chart, with the vertical axis representing annual hospitalization costs and red lines indicating cumulative composition ratios, visually highlights the most significant factors and their cumulative impact. AA, aortic aneurysm; ASD, atrial septal defects; HF, heart failure; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PMI, pacemaker implantation; VHD, valvular heart disease; VTE, venous thromboembolism.