Why the study?
Clinicians will face an increasing number of patients presenting with failed bioprostheses, making an understanding of the modes and management of bioprosthetic valve failure critical.
Design
Narrative review
Authors
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May inform valve selection and surveillance intensity in younger patients; leaves open optimal choices pending prospective validation.
This review highlights the modes and predictors of bioprosthetic valve failure, emphasizing calcification as the primary structural cause and the need for serial echocardiographic monitoring.
Koziarz et al. (2020) studied this question.