Clinical and Vessel Characteristics Associated With Hard Outcomes After PCI and Their Combined Prognostic Implications

Figures

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  Figure 1. Identification of clinical and vessel characteristics related to cardiac death or TVMI by the LASSO–Cox regression model. Among 19 clinical and vessel characteristics, 6 relevant features (4 clinical characteristics and 2 vessel characteristics) for cardiac death or TVMI were identified by the LASSO model. FFR indicates fractional flow reserve; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MLD, minimum lumen diameter; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and TVMI, target‐vessel myocardial infarction.

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  Figure 2. Prognostic value of adverse clinical and vessel characteristics for predicting cardiac death or TVMI. The cumulative event of cardiac death or TVMI at 2 years according to adverse clinical and vessel characteristics is presented. Adverse clinical characteristics are age ≥65 years, diabetes, CKD, and LVEF <50%. Adverse vessel characteristics are post‐PCI FFR ≤0.80 and total stent length ≥54 mm. CKD indicates chronic kidney disease; FFR, fractional flow reserve; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and TVMI, target‐vessel myocardial infarction.

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  Figure 3. Additive prognostic value of adverse clinical and vessel characteristics. In the ROC curve analysis, AUC for cardiac death or TVMI was compared among the number of ACCs, AVCs, and adverse clinical and vessel characteristics. ACCs are age ≥65 years, diabetes, CKD, and LVEF <50%. AVCs are post‐PCI FFR ≤0.80 and total stent length ≥54 mm. ACCs indicates adverse clinical characteristics; AVCs, adverse vessel characteristics; AUC, area under the curve; CKD, chronic kidney disease; FFR, fractional flow reserve; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ROC, receiver‐operating characteristic; and TVMI, target‐vessel myocardial infarction.

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  Figure 4. Risk stratification according to a high number of ACCs and AVCs. The cumulative event of cardiac death or TVMI at 2 years in the 4 groups divided by ACCs ≥2 and AVCs ≥1 is presented. ACCs are age ≥65 years, diabetes, CKD, and LVEF <50%. AVCs are post‐PCI FFR ≤0.80 and total stent length ≥54 mm. ACCs indicates adverse clinical characteristics; AVCs, adverse vessel characteristics; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; FFR, fractional flow reserve; HR, hazard ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; and TVMI, target‐vessel myocardial infarction.