Temporal dynamic brain-heart interaction alterations associated with suicidal ideation in major depressive disorder

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The calculation process of the TD-BHI. Dynamic EEG power spectral density (PSD) was estimated using short-time fourier transform (2s hanning window, 50% overlap) and integrated into five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). ECG-derived RR intervals were interpolated to an equidistant time series, and their PSD was computed to extract low-frequency and high-frequency components. Temporal dynamic brain-heart interactions (TD-BHI) was quantified by Pearson’s correlation coefficients (PCC) between dynamic EEG and ECG PSDs across corresponding frequency bands

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  Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of brain regions with significant TD-BHI differences among MDDSI, MDDNSI, and HCs. Abbreviations: LF, low-frequency PSD of ECG; HF, high-frequency PSD of ECG; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta ,\alpha ,\beta $$\end{document} means the rhythm PSD of EEG; PSD, power spectral density; TD-BHI, temporal dynamic brain-heart interactions; MDDSI, first-episode major depressive disorder patient (MDD) with suicidal ideation; MDDNSI, MDD without suicidal ideation; HCs, healthy controls

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  Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of brain regions with significant TD-BHI differences between HCs and MDDNSI and between HCs and MDDSI. Abbreviations: LF, low-frequency PSD of ECG; HF, high-frequency PSD of ECG; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\theta ,\alpha ,\beta $$\end{document} means the rhythm PSD of EEG; PSD, power spectral density; TD-BHI, temporal dynamic brain-heart interactions; MDDSI, first-episode major depressive disorder patient (MDD) with suicidal ideation; MDDNSI, MDD without suicidal ideation; HCs, healthy controls

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  Fig. 4. Classification performance of ensemble learning model based on TD-BHI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 5 cross-validation folds and confusion matrices for distinguishing between MDD patients and HCs (A), and between MDDNSI and MDDSI patients (B). Abbreviations: TD-BHI, temporal dynamic brain-heart interactions; MDDSI, first-episode major depressive disorder patient (MDD) with suicidal ideation; MDDNSI, MDD without suicidal ideation; HCs, healthy controls; AUC, area under the curve