The global burden of heart failure attributable to interstitial lung diseases: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Time trend of the burden of ILD-associated HF by age group. (A) Prevalent cases of ILD-associated HF by age group globally from 1990 to 2021; (B) Prevalent cases of ILD-associated mild HF by age group globally from 1990 to 2021; (C) Prevalent cases of ILD-associated moderate HF by age group globally from 1990 to 2021; (D) Prevalent cases of ILD-associated severe HF by age group globally from 1990 to 2021; (E) The distribution of prevalent cases as percentages across different age groups globally, in five territories, and across 21 GBD regions in 1990 and 2021. Abbreviations: GBD, Global Burden of Disease; HF, heart failure; ILD, interstitial lung disease

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  Fig. 2. AAPC in age-specific prevalence rates and YLDs for ILD-associated HF by age groups and regions from 1990 to 2021. (A) AAPC of prevalence; (B) AAPC of YLDs. Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percent change; HF, heart failure; ILD, interstitial lung disease; YLDs, years lived with disability

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  Fig. 3. Population-level changes in ageing, population growth, and epidemiologic factors for prevalence (A) and YLDs (B) across various SDI and GBD regions from 1990 to 2021. Black dots represent the overall change from all three components. Positive values indicate a positive contribution, whereas negative values indicate a negative contribution. Abbreviations: GBD, Global Burden of Disease; HF, heart failure; ILD, interstitial lung disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index; YLDs, years lived with disability

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  Fig. 4. (A) Trends in the age-standardized prevalence of ILD-associated HF across 21 regions by SDI from 1990 to 2021; (B) Trends in the age-standardized prevalence of ILD-associated HF across 204 countries by SDI from 1990 to 2021. Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; ILD, interstitial lung disease; SDI, Socio-demographic Index

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  Fig. 5. Global trends in the burden of ILD-associated HF. (A) Age-standardized prevalence rate of ILD-associated HF across 204 countries in 2021; (B) AAPC in prevalence rates across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percent change; HF, heart failure; ILD, interstitial lung disease