Premorbid predictors of death at initial presentation of coronary heart disease in the Women's Health Initiative study

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Flow diagram of Women's Health Initiative participants and outcomes examined in this study during the period 1993–2015. ASCVD: atherosclerosis related cardiovascular disease, CHF: congestive heart failure, CHD: coronary heart disease; CHD cases include individuals whose initial presentation of CHD during follow up was adjudicated as myocardial infarction (MI), a coronary revascularization procedure (CREVASC), a definite death from CHD. CHD cases are considered fatal if the participant died within 28 days of her first CHD event.

• 

  Fig. 2. Hazard ratio of smoking (A and C) and physical activity (B and D) with each of the two subtypes of presentation of incident CHD, fatal (red curve), non-fatal (blue curve), and relative HR (green curve) using a joint multivariate Cox model. The level of physical activity was categorized into four groups: sedentary: ≤ 100 MET minutes/week (min/wk); low PA level: >100 and ≤500 MET min/wk; moderate PA: >500 and ≤1200 MET min/wk; high PA: >1200 MET min/wk. The level of smoking was categorized into five groups: <1, 1–4, 5–34, 35–44, ≥45 cigarettes/day).

• 

  Fig. 3. Estimated cumulative absolute risk of a fatal presentation of CAD over a 20 year follow up for subgroup of women using a joint multivariate Cox model. The cumulative probability of a fatal incident CHD event was modeled taking into consideration the competing risk of a non-fatal CHD event. Left graph compares the hazard function of women aged 55, 65, and 75 at baseline with and without healthy lifestyles as defined by no smoking and > 1200 MET min/week of PA vs. smoking 35 to 44 cigarettes/day and < 100 MET min/week of PA. Right graph compares women aged 75 at baseline with and without use of aspirin in addition to women with and without a healthy lifestyle.